T Paine

Emotional-
He brings up an opinion from a tori that he claims to have observed in which the tori would prefer to have these times happen to him rather than his children. This really pulled those heart strings for all fathers in that time and also was a little bit of an ethical statement especially since the speaker was a tori.

Ethical-
Paine makes his first ethical statement concerning slavery amongst white colonist folk which is his audience. He does so by stating the quote from Britain herself to the colonies, "to bind us in all cases whatsoever," and follows up by saying if that's not slavery then slavery is non existent. Between lines 88 and 97 he just degrades the idea of even being a tori. The toris of course want the colonists to give up themselves and their weapons. Paine says this is a bad idea because then the back states would be prone to native invasion. Very good reasoning since Thomas knows the natives are quite well armed.

Association-
Paine states that the King is feeling too much power and has relinquished the colonies over to the hands of the devil. This alone would persuade the people of that time to hate the King since most were religious. He then gains more respect from the people by saying it is wrong of the King to look to god for help against the growing rebellion and follows up by comparing him to a common murderer.
Paine attempts to rally men for a call to arms and bribes them with unguranteed victory in the midst of winter on line 48. He later makes a statement describing his favorite kind of man and since people have some respect for Thomas Paine then this alone is considered persuasion by association because who really wouldn't want to have the ideal characteristics of a good soldier.

Authority-

pg 235 questions

1. Fight the British.
2. They sent a petition to Britain that was ignored.
3. They ignored their complaints
4. He knows that he is speaking to a room full of mixed feelings about war, so he knows his opinions will affect someone in his audience. He knows that he's in this company because he states that he must speak his mind and that he claims to be guilty of treason to the crown. His tone comes across as urgent because he knows that they have been trying to come up with an option, other than war, for the last ten years.
5. He is uses allusions Ezekiel 12:2 to speak about the British and their arrogance and 22:47-48 they are claiming that the British are betraying them by placing soldiers, therefore chaining them to Britain by force.
6.

Newer Vocab.

Supinely-Adj. Lying on the back face or front upward.
Inviolate-Adj. Free from violation, injury, desecration, and outrage.
Martial-Adj. Inclined or disposed to war
Despotism-N. The exercise of absolute power. 
Prudent-Adj. Wise or judicious in practical affairs
Abrogate-Vb. To abolish by formal or official means
Buttress
Concomitant
Diaphanous
Impinge

Pat Hen

He knows his audience is the House of Burgesses so he can safely assume that most if not all are middle aged to elderly, stubborn old men. He opens his speech by addressing the president of the house and stating that he is only speaking his mind. You get what you give and his strategy for giving himself ethos did exactly that.

I'll start with logos. He can utilize the fact that he has a returning crowd each sermon, so he knows his audience. His sense of ethos were strong back then but are now questioned by quite a larger crowd. His use of the bible is outstanding since the emotions that everyone's feeling are caused by one book and numerous groups of people with corresponding faiths. Which brings me to pathos. His emotion on this subject obliterates all other peoples faith when in comparison. He warns his audience with the fear of damnation, but gives them hope by telling them what they can and absolutely should do in order to escape the flaming pits of anguish.

questions 1-3, 5

1. The threat of god sending them to hell in the afterlife.
2. They must spend their entire lives trying to win over god's merciless vengeance through praying and committing themselves to their church.
3. He compares his audience to a spider and god to a normal human. He does this to explain how powerful god is.
5. Fear is his main method of Pathos in his sermon. He uses fear to put his audiences mind into a frantic worried state of mind. His audience reacts just as assumed they would because he also quotes the Bible. During this time the Bible was a piece of literature that was forced to be believed so how could they be not frightened by the words of Johnathan Edwards. When a priest tells you that the only reason you woke up this morning and didn't die in your sleep was because god put you on a pedestal, you immediately feel lucky. When an accusation like, you have offended him infinitely, is placed before that previous sentence you feel blessed and thankful to be reassured by the priest himself that your safe from wrath.

Caldera

                                                                                                                                                Zack   

            There's a one week camp near Sisters Oregon. The name of the land is Caldera and it's owned by the man who coined the slogan for NIke. He now makes his money running camps on his land. The campus scenery consists of; a small cook house, A large hall where meals were actually served, five small triangular "A frame" buildings, and a lake which is fabled to be one of the deepest in all of Oregon.

            I had first heard about the Caldera Song Writing Academy from Avi, a former local of Skagway. The camp was for all poets, songwriters, and as a new addition to the camp of this year all artists from painting to metal working. The camp and arts council of Sisters hired the musicians not only to perform in the Sisters Folk Festival but to also teach and mentor at the camp. The age group for the camp was eighteen years of age and older but they made exceptions for the local American project and myself.

            The first day in Oregon I wasn't actually on Caldera's campus. Avi, Genie, Avi's mother, and yours truly were offered free lodgings at the Saldi's house since it happened they were also returning home that same day. It wasn't a bad night after the long day of traveling and considering the next few nights would be in a tipi I enjoyed the plush cushions of the couch. We had to stop by a sports clothing store for a couple pairs of basketball shorts for myself and a Best Buy for Avi's new computer before picking the Saldi's up from the airport. The cramped, hot, half an' hour car ride was not the most pleasant experience but it mattered not since I was in Oregon! After a mexican dining experience complimentary of Genie and a shower I was assaulted by Yasha's vivid stories for the remainder of the night. 

            We woke up the next morning at seven so that we could arrive early to Caldera and have the best selection out of the tipis. After settling in we were called to the hall for the signing of wavers, the distributing of packets, lunch, and a meeting. Lunch was mostly dry goods, like scones and muffins accompanied by locally picked fruits. Might I say that this catering service was the greatest I've had at any camp.

            During the meeting which was immediately after lunch the head of campus, Brad Tisdale, layed down some ground rules and told us a little about the campus. He ended the meeting by introducing the staff. The first day was short lived and I headed for the tipi half past seven.

            The second day I attended an interesting class with a former punk rocker who happened to find the diamond in the rough known as Jewel from Homer, Alaska. He happened to have helped write a few songs also tour for several years with her. After that class I immediately began writing and didn't stop until three in the afternoon. After finishing my first song I entered the tipi and found Avi writing. I took this opportunity and suggest we write some music. She agreed and wrote 3 versus and chorus in two hours. She later suggested we play our song at open mic and the when I learned that each night there's an open mic from seven to eleven. There were also multiple jam circles throughout the campus. The open mic was enough for me though and I retired to bed right around 11:30.

            The last day was very uneventful for me. I really only walked around the campus and took it all in. The weather was still hot. I can actually say that the whole trip was filled with great weather. Even on the second day when it was hailing the width of quarters I was still enjoying every moment. That night Avi and I would play the open night armed with our one hit wonder. We really should've practiced the song more, but we were still showered with compliments after the performance. Instead of watching the rest of the acts for that night I sat outside of the hall and wrote another song.

            After another early night, I awoke the next morning and enjoyed the last free breakfast from Caldera. The entire campus then participated in a thorough campus cleaning. Genie arrived at eleven thirty to pick Avi and I up. I left that camp with the most inspiration I have ever possessed and went directly to the folk fest where I witnessed some of the greatest live music I have yet to listen to.

           

           

              

           

Comparison

Olaudah Equiano wrote a narrative from the perspective of a slave to release the cruelties of the international slave trade.
John wrote his narrative as an informative persuasive essay. He used his novel to lure people over from Britain to settle in the new land and to make himself appear to be a local superhero. 
William Bradford wrote his novel as an inform people not only across the sea but also as a historical document. Bradford's novel is the most trustworthy out of the three because he does not try to benefit from his work. In fact he doesn't even include himself in the novel. He simply recites what happens to the Pilgrims as a whole.

Second Vocab.

anachronistic- Adj. Pertaining to something or someone that is not in its historical time. 

circuitous- Adj. Roundabout

deleterious- Adj. Injurious to health

ephemeral- Adj. Living a very short time

evanescent- Adj. Vanishing

fortuitous- Adj. Happening or produced by chance

intrepid- Adj. Resolutely serious

precocious- Adj. Unusually advanced or mature

sagacity-N. Acuteness of mental discernment

tenacious-Adj. characterized by keeping a firm hold

questions page 89

1 Michael Pascal
2 He thought he would be freed from the British navy for good service. Instead he was sold again into slavery.
3 He means that in name they're Christians but in reality they are certainly not.
7 I believe that this narrative is authentic. From all of the previous history classes I've taken his accounts seem to match. He describes how cramped the ship was which I have heard over and over. He also explains how he actually missed his old slavery when brought aboard the slave ship and the slave yard where he is traded has enough imagery for me to believe that this man was obviously amongst these circumstances.

questions page 100

1 Because Wingfield was found guilty of concealing food. Also Ratcliffe was not rash with weak judgment.
2 He was executed for mutiny in 1607.
3 He was sleeping by his canoe while out hunting for birds when he awoke to 200 natives around him.
4 He was brought before the chief and the whole court decided that the best thing to do would be to beat his brains out upon a rock. Pocahontas then saved Smith's life by clutching his head.

Practice pg 91

1 The men on the ship had been captured because they were American.
2 The prisoners were kept for the remainder of the journey in the ships hold.
3 Many slaves became ill from being to close together and from the lack of citrus.

Pilgrims

1. The starving time was when half of the 100 pilgrims that sailed to Plymouth Rock died of sickness (Scurvy).

2. Squanto was the Pilgrims native interpreter who had learned English from the Eastern shores

3. They brought their tools back, shared food, became allies with the Pilgrims,

5. Prospects for survival; The pilgrims really put all of their faith for survival into the hands of god mid winter on the account that many people were dying from the cold and from scurvy.
    Impressions of native americans; The natives were viewed as beasts and savages by the Pilgrims until Squanto spoke rough English to the pilgrims. He was then viewed as a blessing from god.
    Attitude towards region; The new land was untamed and the woods were seen as a place for witchcraft and satanic worship.
    Sense of providence; This was the only thing they had during these times! Providence was such a strong reason to push on through the first winter. It was the main reason they left Britain in the first place so really did hold their faith to god firmly.
6. The organized form that this story was written in could be lost if Bradford had blabbed about how hungry he was, how little some people were working compared to others, or how pesky he thought those natives were in the beginning.

7. The last rule states that the natives must leave their bows and arrows when entering the Pilgrims camp.  This is a little unequal but the compromise comes with the fifth rule, which tells the Pilgrims to instead of creating conflict with other native tribes, let the Wampanoag see if they could compromise.

John Smith

John Smith is writing for his own benefit and celebrity status in Europe. Every task that involves adventuring was assigned to John Smith. Missions for seeking out food for the starving colonists of Jamestown somehow also landed upon Smith. When Smith is confronted by 200 savage natives he, being the author of his own tall tale, doesn't go down without a fight. He bravely kills off two natives, uses one as a buckler, and survives the hail of at least 200 arrows that merely pierce his clothing. Honestly what i don't understand is how he could create so many peace treaties without knowing the natives language.